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	<title>Comments on: Gavin Newsom and the responsibility of elected officials</title>
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	<description>Scientia non habet inimicum nisi ignorantem</description>
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		<title>By: John A. Kalb</title>
		<link>http://mark.madsenlab.org/2004/02/gavin_newsom_an.html/comment-page-1#comment-5541</link>
		<dc:creator>John A. Kalb</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 30 Nov 1999 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://mark.madsenlab.org/?p=978#comment-5541</guid>
		<description>The propositions in California are constitutional amendments. It can&#039;t get struck down.
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		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The propositions in California are constitutional amendments. It can&#8217;t get struck down.</p>
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		<title>By: Mark Madsen</title>
		<link>http://mark.madsenlab.org/2004/02/gavin_newsom_an.html/comment-page-1#comment-5542</link>
		<dc:creator>Mark Madsen</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 30 Nov 1999 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://mark.madsenlab.org/?p=978#comment-5542</guid>
		<description>John - I think you&#039;re mistaken about this.  I&#039;m not a Californian, so I could be missing something, but Proposition 22 which passed in the 2000 election, amended Section 308 of the California Code, not the California State Constitution.  The relevant section of the code is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/displaycode?section=fam&amp;group=00001-01000&amp;file=300-310.&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/displaycode?section=fam&amp;group=00001-01000&amp;file=300-310.&lt;/a&gt;  A search on the CA Constitution itself, including the Declaration of Rights, show only four uses of the term &quot;marriage,&quot; with none showing any limitations coming from Prop 22.

Proposition 22 affected California state law, not the constitution, and thus it is amenable to judicial review.



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		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>John &#8211; I think you&#8217;re mistaken about this.  I&#8217;m not a Californian, so I could be missing something, but Proposition 22 which passed in the 2000 election, amended Section 308 of the California Code, not the California State Constitution.  The relevant section of the code is <a href="http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/displaycode?section=fam&#038;group=00001-01000&#038;file=300-310." rel="nofollow"></a><a href="http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/displaycode?section=fam&#038;group=00001-01000&#038;file=300-310" rel="nofollow">http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/displaycode?section=fam&#038;group=00001-01000&#038;file=300-310</a>.  A search on the CA Constitution itself, including the Declaration of Rights, show only four uses of the term &#8220;marriage,&#8221; with none showing any limitations coming from Prop 22.</p>
<p>Proposition 22 affected California state law, not the constitution, and thus it is amenable to judicial review.</p>
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		<title>By: Michael Friedman</title>
		<link>http://mark.madsenlab.org/2004/02/gavin_newsom_an.html/comment-page-1#comment-5543</link>
		<dc:creator>Michael Friedman</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 30 Nov 1999 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://mark.madsenlab.org/?p=978#comment-5543</guid>
		<description>If you support gay marriage you should do this through the legislative or initiative processes, not the courts.

If you get a court decision forcing gay marriage down the throats of a country or state that does not want it you may provide the impetus for a constitutional amendment prohibiting gay marriage.

It may take you five or ten years to get gay marriage through the democratic process.  I bet it will take 50 or 100 years to get a super-majority in favor of gay marriage that is large enough to repeal a constitutional amendment.
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		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>If you support gay marriage you should do this through the legislative or initiative processes, not the courts.</p>
<p>If you get a court decision forcing gay marriage down the throats of a country or state that does not want it you may provide the impetus for a constitutional amendment prohibiting gay marriage.</p>
<p>It may take you five or ten years to get gay marriage through the democratic process.  I bet it will take 50 or 100 years to get a super-majority in favor of gay marriage that is large enough to repeal a constitutional amendment.</p>
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		<title>By: Mark Madsen</title>
		<link>http://mark.madsenlab.org/2004/02/gavin_newsom_an.html/comment-page-1#comment-5544</link>
		<dc:creator>Mark Madsen</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 30 Nov 1999 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://mark.madsenlab.org/?p=978#comment-5544</guid>
		<description>I agree with your tactical point -- that gaining a super-majority to repeal an amendment would be many times harder than legislation.  I disagree, however, with the underlying philosophy you seem to be proposing which is that legislation is the only &quot;democratic&quot; process available to us.

The beauty of our constitutional system is the separation of powers into three branches which have different purview, different responsibilities, and different degrees of accountability to majorities.  Courts are often the means by which minorities end up being protected against the &quot;tyranny of the majority&quot;, to use John Stuart Mill&#039;s term.  The Framers were fairly explicit about this point in their deliberations in Philadelphia -- hence the Senate, for one thing, and an independent judiciary which is appointed during good behavior.  This point is especially well elucidated in Federalist #51.

How we balance the majority&#039;s right to &quot;not want&quot; gay marriage against the constitutional rights of the minority that do is a trickier question than it appears, because it goes straight to the heart of how a democracy strikes a careful and dynamic balance.

Less frequently than you might imagine, it&#039;s been the Supreme Court that has had to protect the rights of minorities against the majority.  Take the case of Brown v. Board of Education for example.  At the time, the majority favored the continuation of school segregation despite overwhelming evidence that &quot;separate but equal&quot; facilities were simply a farce.  If we had simply followed the majority in this case, much of the country would have continued denying African-americans equal protection.  The Warren Court took the bold move of upholding equal protection despite the majority opinion, which &quot;caught up&quot; about a decade later.  Are you saying that the Supreme Court should NOT have ruled in favor of equal protection in Brown, as an example, but instead gone with the majority or simply refused the case?

I&#039;m going to think about this a bit because I think this deserves a post, not just a comment.  I disagree with you, but am enjoying the discussion!
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		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I agree with your tactical point &#8212; that gaining a super-majority to repeal an amendment would be many times harder than legislation.  I disagree, however, with the underlying philosophy you seem to be proposing which is that legislation is the only &#8220;democratic&#8221; process available to us.</p>
<p>The beauty of our constitutional system is the separation of powers into three branches which have different purview, different responsibilities, and different degrees of accountability to majorities.  Courts are often the means by which minorities end up being protected against the &#8220;tyranny of the majority&#8221;, to use John Stuart Mill&#8217;s term.  The Framers were fairly explicit about this point in their deliberations in Philadelphia &#8212; hence the Senate, for one thing, and an independent judiciary which is appointed during good behavior.  This point is especially well elucidated in Federalist #51.</p>
<p>How we balance the majority&#8217;s right to &#8220;not want&#8221; gay marriage against the constitutional rights of the minority that do is a trickier question than it appears, because it goes straight to the heart of how a democracy strikes a careful and dynamic balance.</p>
<p>Less frequently than you might imagine, it&#8217;s been the Supreme Court that has had to protect the rights of minorities against the majority.  Take the case of Brown v. Board of Education for example.  At the time, the majority favored the continuation of school segregation despite overwhelming evidence that &#8220;separate but equal&#8221; facilities were simply a farce.  If we had simply followed the majority in this case, much of the country would have continued denying African-americans equal protection.  The Warren Court took the bold move of upholding equal protection despite the majority opinion, which &#8220;caught up&#8221; about a decade later.  Are you saying that the Supreme Court should NOT have ruled in favor of equal protection in Brown, as an example, but instead gone with the majority or simply refused the case?</p>
<p>I&#8217;m going to think about this a bit because I think this deserves a post, not just a comment.  I disagree with you, but am enjoying the discussion!</p>
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		<title>By: seeking back</title>
		<link>http://mark.madsenlab.org/2004/02/gavin_newsom_an.html/comment-page-1#comment-5545</link>
		<dc:creator>seeking back</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 30 Nov 1999 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://mark.madsenlab.org/?p=978#comment-5545</guid>
		<description>&lt;strong&gt;Gaza big is literally Mr. money bags&lt;/strong&gt;

luggage stuffed with $20 million in cash for his money-starved government.
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		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>Gaza big is literally Mr. money bags</strong></p>
<p>luggage stuffed with $20 million in cash for his money-starved government.</p>
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		<title>By: oil supplements,</title>
		<link>http://mark.madsenlab.org/2004/02/gavin_newsom_an.html/comment-page-1#comment-5546</link>
		<dc:creator>oil supplements,</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 30 Nov 1999 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://mark.madsenlab.org/?p=978#comment-5546</guid>
		<description>&lt;strong&gt;Consumption Of Fish Oil Does Not Appear To Protect Against Abnormal Heart Rhythms&lt;/strong&gt;

defibrillator did not have a significantly lower risk of serious abnormal heart rhythms or death by consuming fish oil supplements, which had been thought
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		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>Consumption Of Fish Oil Does Not Appear To Protect Against Abnormal Heart Rhythms</strong></p>
<p>defibrillator did not have a significantly lower risk of serious abnormal heart rhythms or death by consuming fish oil supplements, which had been thought</p>
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		<title>By: World News Tonight'</title>
		<link>http://mark.madsenlab.org/2004/02/gavin_newsom_an.html/comment-page-1#comment-5547</link>
		<dc:creator>World News Tonight'</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 30 Nov 1999 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://mark.madsenlab.org/?p=978#comment-5547</guid>
		<description>&lt;strong&gt;Back Pain Revolution: Replacement Disc Surgery&lt;/strong&gt;

World News Tonight&#039; Begins Series on Back Pain Treatments
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		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>Back Pain Revolution: Replacement Disc Surgery</strong></p>
<p>World News Tonight&#8217; Begins Series on Back Pain Treatments</p>
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		<title>By: angry and ended</title>
		<link>http://mark.madsenlab.org/2004/02/gavin_newsom_an.html/comment-page-1#comment-5548</link>
		<dc:creator>angry and ended</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 30 Nov 1999 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://mark.madsenlab.org/?p=978#comment-5548</guid>
		<description>&lt;strong&gt;Sunday 7 June 1663&lt;/strong&gt;

and ended pleased and hope to bring our matters to a better posture in a little time, which God send. So up and to  church ,
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		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>Sunday 7 June 1663</strong></p>
<p>and ended pleased and hope to bring our matters to a better posture in a little time, which God send. So up and to  church ,</p>
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		<title>By: of bird flu is</title>
		<link>http://mark.madsenlab.org/2004/02/gavin_newsom_an.html/comment-page-1#comment-5549</link>
		<dc:creator>of bird flu is</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 30 Nov 1999 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://mark.madsenlab.org/?p=978#comment-5549</guid>
		<description>&lt;strong&gt;Fresh bird flu outbreak in China&lt;/strong&gt;

new outbreak of bird flu is confirmed in poultry in the western Chinese region of Xinjiang.
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		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>Fresh bird flu outbreak in China</strong></p>
<p>new outbreak of bird flu is confirmed in poultry in the western Chinese region of Xinjiang.</p>
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		<title>By: chord injury.</title>
		<link>http://mark.madsenlab.org/2004/02/gavin_newsom_an.html/comment-page-1#comment-5550</link>
		<dc:creator>chord injury.</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 30 Nov 1999 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://mark.madsenlab.org/?p=978#comment-5550</guid>
		<description>&lt;strong&gt;Chronic Neuropathic, &#039;Phantom&#039; Pain Comes From Affected Nerve And Spinal Cord, Not Brain&lt;/strong&gt;

nerves close to the original injury site more than &quot;imprinted&quot; central sensitivity.
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		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>Chronic Neuropathic, &#8216;Phantom&#8217; Pain Comes From Affected Nerve And Spinal Cord, Not Brain</strong></p>
<p>nerves close to the original injury site more than &#8220;imprinted&#8221; central sensitivity.</p>
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